Mechanism Description of a Power Drill

Introduction

In Electrical Engineering, a power drill is an electrical motor that spins a tool attached to its drilling end called a screwdriver bit to make round holes in wood, drywall, plaster, etc. They are used for various tasks around the home and work such as hanging pictures from a wall, driving screws, fixing fasteners into surfaces, and woodworking. Furthermore, a power drill looks like a pistol; both have triggers that can be pressed to execute their main tasks, a long grip or handle which the user can hold on to, a cylindrical body, and a round hole at one end through which the drill or the bullet exits. The components of a power drill are: a rechargeable battery, a speed control trigger, a LED light, a chuck, a motor, a forward/reverse switch, and a grip.

Figure 1 — Components of a Power Drill [1]

Description and Function of Parts

1- Rechargeable battery — The battery, which can be charged again for further use, is used to power the drill and is also primarily used on cordless drills. Furthermore, three types of batteries are commonly used: nickel and cadmium batteries, nickel-metal-hybrid batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. The battery is shaped like a semi-cylindrical box as seen in the image below; it resembles the opening of the drill, and that allows for easy fitting.

Figure 2 — Battery of a Power Drill [2]

2- Speed control trigger — The trigger is mainly used to start or stop the mechanism which powers the drill. Pressure on the trigger is also used to induce variations in motor revolution. Moreover, the trigger is very similar to a trigger used in a firearm; applying pressure inwards makes the mechanism work.

3- LED light — The LED light, powered from the battery, shines a beam of light at the object the user is working at. This allows the user to properly see the object and drill accordingly. Additionally, the light is made of glass and can be of any shape, but usually for design purposes, it is made round as the hole created by the drill is round as well.

4- Chuck — The chuck is the metal apparatus that holds the drill bit and the screwdriver bit together. It is also the implement that needs to be popped open when the drill bit needs to be changed. A chuck can be keyed or keyless. In addition, it is cylindrical in shape and hollow because the drill bits are cylindrical in shape.

5- Motor — The motor is used to power the mechanism. A drill can have either a brushed motor or a brushless motor. Brushless motors are generally more efficient and environmentally friendly; the amount of energy lost to external factors is zero. Moreover, a trigger switch is needed to activate the motor, thus generating torque which spins the chuck and subsequently the drill fitted inside it. Additionally, as seen in the image below, the motor resembles a flashlight with two cylindrical components attached to each other; one end has a spindle that allows for connection to accessories and the other end contains the motor itself.

Figure 3 — Motor of a Power Drill [3]

6- Forward-reverse switch — The switch is present to determine the motion of the drill bit. The motion can be either clockwise or anticlockwise. Furthermore, it also allows the user to loosen or tighten the drill bit in its position in order to drill more effectively. The switch is a tiny rectangular piece attached to the side of the drill.

7- Grip — In order to use the power drill, one needs to hold the drill at its grip. It is present to allow the user to balance, manage, and control the drill. As a matter of fact, the grip is cylindrical in shape which allows the user to hold it without any inconvenience.

Conclusion

To conclude, a power drill is used for boring holes in various materials. It is a versatile tool that can be used for various other tasks as well depending on the type of accessories and attachments used with it. It drills round holes into different types of materials such as wood, walls, etc. and makes use of numerous components described above to achieve its purpose.

References

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